Searching for Knowledge and Recognition, Traditional Qur’anic Students (almajirai) in Kano by Hannah Hoechner
Hannah Hoechner investigates an educational practice that is widespread in Muslim West Africa. ‘Traditional’ Qur’anic schools, whose students live with their teacher and earn their own livelihood (often through begging), have become the subject of much public concern and anxiety. Hannah Hoechner explores the experience of such Qur’anic students (pl. almajirai; sg. almajiri) in Kano State in northern Nigeria.
The almajirai have attracted attention in the context of increased attempts to universalise primary education and of growing concerns about child welfare. They have also been rightly or wrongly associated with Islamic radicalisation, militancy, and the periodic riots that have blighted many northern Nigerian cities. The current spate of Boko Haram violence in northern Nigeria has carried such modes of thinking to the extreme. The Qur’anic schools are described as a ‘ticking time bomb’ and a ‘threat’ to national security.
Despite the concern and controversy sparked by the almajirai, there is a dearth of research engaging directly and in depth with the constituencies of the ‘traditional’ Qur’anic schooling system. That the existing literature does not contribute to a better understanding of the system is a particularly severe shortcoming, given the enthusiasm with which speculative narratives are constructed in some sections of the media. Such narratives craft their own realities, as people act upon their stereotypes.
Hannah Hoechner’s research aims to fill the gap in knowledge about almajirai. She explores the processes through which children become almajirai and what they learn while they are living as almajirai. She also engages with the (overwhelmingly negative) representations of the system and asks how young people living as almajirai position themselves with respect to such representations.
Hannah Hoechner combines observation and semi-structured interviews with the use of participatory research methods. During her MPhil research, almajirai took pictures with disposable cameras. Hoechner then used these photographs as entry points for group conversations. Also, almajirai conducted interviews amongst themselves and recorded messages with a tape-recorder, interviews which she then transcribed and translated. During her DPhil research, Hoechner carried out a participatory documentary film project about the almajiri system. With the support of the Goethe Institute Kano, nine almajirai from three different Qur’anic schools in Kano State were trained to write the film script, handle the camera, do most of the acting, and give the stage directions. The film offers insights into the almajirai’s views and the experiences they have while living in ‘traditional’ Qur’anic schools in Kano. It is available online at: http://www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/research/video/video-hlg
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